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New research findings from the Department of Nutrition at the Harvard School of Public Health and Brigham and Women’s Hospital show that increased body fatness measured by body-mass index (BMI) and reduced physical activity are both strong and independent predictors of early death in women.

 

 

 

The study appears in the December 23, 2004 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.

 

BMI is arrived at by dividing an individuals’ weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters. For non-metric, weight in pounds is divided by the square of height in inches, then multiplied by 703. A BMI over twenty five is considered overweight. Approximately 2/3 of Americans are classed as obese or  overweight.

 

More than 115,000 participants who were free of cancer or cardiovascular disease, between the ages of thirty and fifty five and had filled out biennial lifestyle and health questionnaires between 1976 and 2000 were chosen for the study from the Brigham and Women’s Hospital-based Nurses’ Health Study. In the questionnaires the women were asked to report on average how much time they spent each week on moderate physical activities such as brisk walking, and vigorous physical activities, among them, jogging, bicycling, running, playing tennis and swimming laps. Women who spent 3.5 hours per week or more exercising were considered to be physically active.

 

The researchers found that both obesity and physical activity significantly and independently affected mortality. A high level of physical activity did not eliminate the risk of premature death associated with obesity and leanness did not counteract the increased risk in mortality conferred by inactivity.

 

Compared to lean women that were physically active there was nearly a two and half-fold increase in risk of death for obese and inactive women.  The researchers estimated that excess weight (BMI over 25) and physical inactivity (less than 3.5 hours per week) accounted for thirty one percent of all premature deaths among the study participants with fifty nine percent of the deaths attributable to cardiovascular disease and twenty one percent from cancer among the non-smoking women. During the twenty four year span of the study, 10,282 deaths occurred; 2,370 from cardiovascular disease, 5,223 from cancer and 2,689 from other causes.  

 

“It is clear that both exercise and weight are important for health and longevity,” said Frank Hu, lead author of the study and an associate professor of nutrition and epidemiology at the Harvard School of Public Health.

 

“There is no question that one should be as active as possible no matter what your weight is, but it is equally important to maintain a healthy weight and prevent weight gain through lifestyle and diet.”

 

Funding for the study was provided by grants from the National Institutes of Health.

 

 

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