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tennis elbow
"Tennis elbow" is the common term used for a condition that is caused
by the overuse of arm and forearm muscles that results in elbow pain.
You do not have to play tennis to get this condition, but the term came
into being because it can be a significant problem for some tennis
players.
Tennis elbow is caused by either a subtle or abrupt tearing of the
tendon and muscle area around the outside of the elbow. Tennis elbow
specifically involves the area where the tendons and muscles of the
forearm attach to the outside bony area of the elbow. Your physician
would call this condition lateral epicondylitis. Another common term for
this condition is golfer's elbow which refers to the same process
occurring on the inside of the elbow -- what your physician would call
medial epicondylitis. Overuse injury can also affect the back or
posterior part of the elbow also.
Tennis elbow is characterized by tenderness and pain in the elbow and
in the back of the forearm. This can be made worse by using the elbow,
particularly for twisting movements. Symptoms vary in severity, but
usually include most of the following::
- pain caused by bending and lifting the arm;
- recurring pain on the outside of the upper forearm just below
the bend of the elbow. Sometimes, pain may be felt down the arm
close to the wrist;
- pain when writing or when holding even small objects such as a
pen;
- pain when twisting the forearm, for example, when turning a door
handle; and
- difficulty extending the forearm fully.
The pain caused by tennis elbow normally lasts for Six to Twelve
weeks. Some people experience pain for as little as Three weeks, while
others may experience discomfort in the elbow joint for several years.
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Pain ranges from a mild discomfort when the elbow is used, to
severe pain that can be felt even when the elbow is still, or when you
are asleep. You may have stiffness in your arm, which gets
progressively worse as damage to the tendon increases. As the body
tries to compensate for the weakness in the elbow, you may also get
pain or stiffness in other parts of the affected arm, the shoulder, or
neck.
Treatment should
include stopping or limiting those activities that cause the pain, such
as heavy lifting with the palm facing down. Quite often a band wrapped
around the forearm near the elbow is used to protect the injured muscles
during the healing process. In some cases, the wearing of a wrist splint
may also be recommended.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as naproxen,
ibuprofen or voltaren may be given for pain. Cortisone injections can
also be used to relieve the pain. A tennis elbow band may be advised.
In long lasting or severe episodes, an injection of medication into the
area may relieve the discomfort. Your hand surgeon may recommend
specific exercises that strengthen and stretch the muscles to help
prevent the condition from reoccurring. Some people respond to
additional treatment through therapy. As the condition gets better,
there is usually a slow return to normal activities. Recurrence of this
condition is common.
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